Month: March 2023

Our next stop as we proceed north from Singapore was supposed to be a Malaysian port named Langkawi. But we are not going to go there.

Not because of high wind and waves in the harbor.

Not because the local authorities won’t let us in.

But because there is border skirmish with Thailand over a road that seems to be in dispute and the busses, etc. cannot get through. Such are the issues when a cruise is planned a year or so in advance. No one knows what may pop up in the meantime!

So… we’re going to another nearby port named Penang.

Penang is a province in Malaysia, consisting of two areas, one on the mainland, the other is an island. They are separated by the Strait of Malacca. Our destination is Georgetown on the Island. As you may have already ascertained by its name, Georgetown harkens back to the colonial days of Great Britain, having been settled (?) by Francis Light of the British East India Company in 1786. There were obviously already people living here, so Mr. Light made a deal with the local Sultan to give him the protection of Great Britain thus making the Sultan quite impervious to his rival warlords. In turn, the Brits were given the island part of Penang.

          Guess why Mr. Light and his B.E.I.C. wanted this place?

          Yup! Spices!

          Mr. Light made Georgetown a ‘free port’ (no taxes), trying to lure business away from ports settled by the rival Dutch East India Company. Georgetown became the busiest port around and was thusly name the Capital of this region under British influence, eventually becoming a Crown Colony. In fact, it was the first British trading post in the Far East. Even Singapore was under this regions Governor. But not for long! Singapore, with a more strategic location, soon outshone Georgetown, became busier, and the Capital designation was moved to Singapore.

          I’ll ‘cut to the chase’ here and leapfrog to the late 1950’s when this part of Malaysia gained its independence from England. It has since gained the status as a UNESCO World Heritage Site for its Colonial Architecture and its world-renowned “Street of Harmony” which reflects the influence of the many cultures that have made this little city their home. The citation for this designation was quite complimentary saying  “….. unique architectural and cultural townscape without parallel anywhere in East and Southeast Asia.”

 I guess that about sums that up!

                   All of this became readily apparent when we arrived. We were on a “Face Book” Tour. This is not anything organized by Mr. Zuckerberg, but by a group on board. We were informed about it by Harold and Sherry, and it was quite popular. About 50 of our fellow passengers were involved and the organizers on land worked Herculean efforts to bring this jam-packed day to fruition. First of all, it was supposed to be at Langkawi. Everything was in place, nice and neat. Then the “Road Revolution” began, skirmishes ensued, roads were closed, and all of a sudden, we’re pulling into a port 30 miles south.

                                      Brakes screeched to a halt.

                                      A flurry of activity followed, and Mr. Pak Abu and his staff totally changed itineraries and put together a day that will be remembered. We never stopped! We were whisked from one venue to another in our little vans with the precision of a military assault with Mr. Abu showing up at each place to make sure everything was proceeding accordingly and there were no loose ends, or passengers left behind! We arrived back at the ship drenched (it was really hot, but what should we have expected this close to the Equator?) and beat, but really pleased with what we had seen all day.

                                      I’m afraid that I took too many photos and you will be sorry for this because since everything was not what we normally see or experience, making them all special, so how am I to decide which ones to include?  😊

I know!

I’ll just put most of them in and let you decide!

Is there any way to not take a plethora of photos when the Buddhist Monks say it’s OK to take all the photos you want? (just take off your shoes please)

Gold trim everywhere!

Highlighting every color of the rainbow!

A photographer’s Paradise!

Street scenes!

Exotic places!

I do have to say that we could state here that Penang did not have the same littering rules (or punishments) as Singapore… in fact, we wondered if there was a reward for littering! Oh well, maybe it just added to the atmosphere!

We first went to an old Mansion, the Pinang Peranankan Museum that is now part of the UNESCO sites, which are scattered all around Georgetown and in their totality make up the heart of this area. This museum goes back to those Colonial days and the way that the upper crust folks lived.

          We then visited a Batik factory and store. This is a cool process and very simple to do. The batik factory was conveniently located next to a coffee and chocolate store which was air conditioned and maybe the only reason we stayed so long! Not that the coffee and chocolate weren’t good…. It was just that it was obvious why we were there and besides, the chocolate would have melted in about 3.7 minutes had we purchased any!

                   Did I mention that it was HOT!?

We then had our lunch stop at a Malaysian Seafood Restaurant.

We had the place to ourselves, and they kept coming out of the kitchen with more and more platters of different foods. There was a giant “Lazy Susan” (why is poor Susan so demeaned?) in the center of each table that we just rotated around for everyone to get served. I let the giant bug-eyed shrimp go by several times along with the squirmy squishy tentacle things. I stopped it when the chicken, rice, and rolls made an appearance in front of me. Paula did a little better than I did, she at least stopped the twirlerizer when the vegetables came around.

After lunch, our next stop(s) were two Temples that were conveniently located directly across the street from each other. One was a Thai Buddhist Temple, the Wat Chayamangkalarm, which means ‘reclining Buddha’ and the other was Burmese (now Myanmar) Buddhist. Shoes were required to be off in both places. I did observe some monks in the Burmese Temple, they were scanning their “Handheld Electronic Devices”.

Modern is as modern does!

One of the large statues in the temple also had a touch of modernism as radiating from his head was a multi-colored L.E.D. halo!

Now across the street to the Burmese Temple. The woodwork was very intricate, and the roof lines were magical as you will soon see!

We then went to the base of Penang Hill where we emptied out of our little bus and got in some smaller vehicles capable of making the climb to the summit without toasting the trans on the way up or smoking the brakes on the way down! The road was filled with switchbacks and extremely tight turns, which our driver took with skill and excessive speed! When I commented about some cyclists coming down “the wrong way” he corrected me and said that it was a two-way road! This thing was barely wide enough for one vehicle! The view from the top was impressive and it seemed as though everyone from town had taken the afternoon and went there!

                   After enduring the Death Ride coming down the mountain (where Moses was not, but we did almost meet Jesus a few times!) we piled back into our little bus and made our way over to the old section of Georgetown where we stopped in an alley and were given a concoction that we could not quite wrap our heads around.

It is a local favorite, a desert-type sort of mix of some green noodles and semi-frozen stuff that had, shall we say, an interesting taste. We smiled and nodded our thanks, turned and tried it, and then when no one was looking we deftly stashed them where they would find them upon clean-up time, if there is such a thing here. From the alleyway we went for our tuk-tuk rides over to Chew Jetty, the original Chinatown section of the city. Our tuk-tuks were bicycle powered. Think Rickshaw with the cyclist behind the sit-in part. The ride and the guys were a hoot!

 Cars? We don’t see no stinkin’ cars!

Trucks? We don’t see them either!

WEAVE, BRAKE, WEAVE, BRAKE, TURN, WEAVE, ok, we’re here!

Phewf! What a ride!

When we arrived at Chew Jetty, we had no idea what it really was. Back in the day, like way back, like in the 1800’s when a lot of Chinese came to town, they settled down by the harbor and built a wharf out into the water.  This wharf, or jetty, contained their businesses and their homes that were attached to them.

                   This practice of living and working here continues to this day, albeit to a lesser extent. But it turned out to be everyone’s favorite part of our tour and the perfect way to wrap up this whirlwind of a day!

Someone took a group photo of our haggard looking troupe that I will include in one of the “Random Pic’s from the Last Few Days” posts.

Thanks for getting to the end of this one!

It was a very full day today in Penang, Malaysia. Temples, markets, mountain tops, and tuk-tuk rides filled a jam-packed day for us and tomorrow in Thailand will be just as busy! So, there may (will be) be a day’s delay in getting the next post out! But I took lots of pics so it will be worth it 🙂 Thanks for reading!

          It’s a bird!

                             No! It’s a plane!

                             Not even close!

                             It’s Two, Two…

                             Two mints in one!

                   What in the world are we talking about here?

                   Well, In the World is a good place to start, and no… it’s not Australia this time! But our new topic/destination does have some things in common with Australia, such as being several different things at the same time.

                                      Singapore!

                                      It’s a City!

                                      It’s an Island!

                                      No! it’s a country!

                                      (Now we’re getting close!)

                                      It’s three, three…..

                                      Three things in one!

                   Yes, our Port of Choice today is the Island City-State of Singapore. Singapore sits at the very southern tip of the Malay peninsula, which is just south of, and connected to, Thailand. It consists of the main island of Singapore and sixty-three other, very closely connected, smaller islands all served by an impressive mass transit system.

                   Singapore is obviously a very well-known place in the world, conjuring up exotic images in our minds, but how much do we really know about this far-flung place that is guilty of placing those imageries in our minds eye?

                   Some cool facts  would be a helpful place to start.

                   Singapore ranks 175^th in area out of the approximately 190 or so countries in the world. I say 190 because depending on one’s definition of “Country”, there are several different totals, but you get the idea. I think that we can all admit that on a world scale, it’s tiny!

                   Next item….  Singapore takes a jump here and ranks 118^th  in population with roughly 6,000,000 very close inhabitants.

                   Now, here comes the biggie…..

                   Singapore soars up the charts here and ranks 3^rd in population density! Well, what do expect when you take a tiny land mass and squeeze a bunch of peeps into it!

                   But even though there are all of those humans jammed into it, Singapore consistently ranks second or third (behind Tokyo) as one of the safest cities in the world. This safety is not brought about because everyone here is super friendly. They may be, but the real reason is the local laws and customs. Singapore is quite strict and borders on oppressive when it come to some of these categories.

                   I tried this one on my kids years ago… NO gum chewing!

                   I was just trying to prevent them from looking like cows chewing their cuds (and a fortune was spent on orthodontics!) But why here in Singapore?

                   The answer is simple, and the real story has been somewhat relaxed over the years, but the bottom line was that “Gum Vandalism” had risen to heights unimagined. Totally new rail systems were brought to a halt as gum was stuck on the sensors that automatically open and close the doors. This is just one of the ailments that this city found itself grappling with over the years. So it is illegal to import or sell chewing gum here. Exceptions are made for medicinal and nicotine gums prescribed by a doctor, which brings us to the next ban….

                   Smoking in public places is taboo. You can smoke outside, like on a street, but you’d better have your tape measure out and make sure that you are five meters away from any door openings and the like. And don’t even think of crushing that butt under your shoe. Wham! Littering Fines galore!

                   Singapore uses harsh fines, prison sentences, and the public humiliation of printing any offenders’ names for the general population to read, as tools for enforcing these local laws. There are many of them and I will not detail them all here, but I will tell you that even visitors are subject to these penalties, and leniency is rare.

                   We were very careful!

                   On the lighter side, they have a charity event here called The Great Singapore Duck Race and yes, it consists of those little yellow rubber duckies! Back in 2002 a record was set when more than 123,000 of those bobbing darlings were released into the Singapore River!

                   There is no language barrier here as English, along with Malay, and Mandarin Chinese, are spoken fluently. The taxis are all metered with the rates plainly listed so there are no issues when hailing one, trying to tell the driver your destination, and then wondering if the fare is correct or not. They all take credit cards too!

                                      Excursions Part l

                   We had an interesting evening last night. The ship was a bit too tossy and turny for Paula’s tastes. Consequently she received no sleep and spent a good portion of the night making intestinal offerings to the ocean gods…… if you get my meaning. So, that meant that feeling well enough to go on the Excursion was questionable. We were supposed to go to the National Botanical Garden which, sitting down here in a tropical climate almost directly on the equator, means that those gardens are nothing less than spectacular! I was hoping to shower you with photos of stunning florals but that did not happen for another unrelated reason.

                             Needless to say, Paula was not quite up to going out on the town (or bus!). It was decided that I should go, and Paula would stay. We have other plans for later on in the evening to go and visit those giant tower-like structures that light up, so Paula would still get the opportunity to get out in Singapore. The weather here today is questionable at best, you know, 70% chance of storms and showers, but it’s warm! That was the other factor in Paula making the decision to stay on board for the time being.

                             Reluctantly, I went down to the Excursion Meeting Area to sign in and get my Tour ID Sticker (Purple 11 was todays). I say reluctantly because I wasn’t sure that I even wanted to go. I don’t like doing things by myself, and I really didn’t want to leave Paula back on the ship. Besides, it was raining and as I said, the forecast was not good. Had it been better, then I am sure that myself, and possibly Paula, would have felt better about the Excursion.

                             I waited for Purple 11 to be called and having been forewarned about having my Passport (the actual one) on me and some other official documents, I patted my pocket to make sure that they were there. This is the first port that made us bring our passports. I guess that most just trust that Princess is not harboring any Baddies and let us come ashore and drop oodles of money in their laps.  I made my way with the other lemmings outside Deck 6 and into the extended walkway (think airport) where we came to a grinding halt.

                                      We waited.

                                      And waited.

                                      Then we started moving.

                                      About fifteen feet, where we stopped.

                                      And waited.

                             This was definitely not looking good and hindsight being 20/20, I should have bailed right there. The problem was that I did not know the end game, where we were going, and what lay at the termination of this seemingly endless line.

                             But noooo….. I stuck it out. I let the thought of reversing my steps tumble endlessly in my head for 45 minutes too long.

Do you know the feeling when you finally make a decision?

Right or Wrong, at least you have a plan?

Well, that’s how I felt when I did an about-face and marched back through the excursion groups of Purple 11, Green 18, Orange 9, and all the rest of them.

I occasionally came upon some shipmates that I knew, and they peppered me with questions that I could not answer. I told them that all I knew was that I should have made this decision 45 minutes ago. The look on their faces….

                                                Post Script.         

I hung around the gangway for awhile and listened to the Deck Officers who were as frustrated as the passengers. One made a comment about a two-hour delay.

Ouch!

I went aboard and found Paula starting to recover nicely. We decided to try a bit later when the line had subsided, and she felt up to it.

Further reports to follow.                                          

Excursions Part ll     (Later in the day)

          Well, THAT could not have gone any better if we had planned it!

          I am referring to our late day excursion into the wilds of Singapore.

          Our good friends, Harold and Sherry, who have been everywhere multiple times, had been to the place that we wanted to go to just this afternoon.

                                      How convenient of them!

                             Detailed instructions in hand, info about taxis, ticket booths, sights, etc. we left the ship again but this time without the throngs of folks all trying to get through Immigration at the same time. We zipped through, got our taxi, and arrived at Gardens By The Bay a few minutes later. You may have seen photos of their gigantic “Trees” that light up at night. More on that later.

                             It was about 6pm and “All Aboard” was at 9:30 so we had a few hours. I’m the guy who wants to get to the airport two days in advance never mind two hours! So, getting off the boat with a deadline three and a half hours hence was a little trying. But it was worth it! The taxis and the ride to the Gardens went exactly as Harold and Sherry said it would, so there was an air of familiarity already.

                             While those “Trees” in the Grove were certainly the initial draw, we were kind of blown away with these two “Domes” that are there. One is a Botanical Garden on steroids and the other is a botanical “Cloud” experience complete with a waterfall.

                             The expression “Takes your breath away” should only be used when that, in fact, happens. No worries here as that is exactly what happened! Someone had a vision and then planned that vision to the N’th degree. The engineering of these marvels was as impressive as the contents within.

                                      You will see.

                             There will be no problem showering you with those photos of florals that I had wanted to do before canceling the morning Excursion! Please enjoy your tour of Gardens By The Bay, Singapore!

After the Flower Dome we went across the way to the Cloud Forest. There was an Avatar: The Way of Water experience in residence at this time. I can’t think of a more perfect spot on the planet to put this exhibit.

By the time we exited the Cloud Forest it was getting dark, and darkness is a very important ingredient in the light show that was to be given by the Trees in The Grove. Just wait!

All of these lights, and there were probably all-totaled, millions of them, all synchronized with music. The show lasted for about 15 minutes or so and was on the other side of spectacular!

Today we found ourselves on the Island of Komodo.

                   I’m fairly sure that everyone has heard of this island mainly because of its most famous inhabitant, the Komodo Dragon.

                   The Komodo Dragon was only recently officially “discovered’ and studied. Rumors abounded over the several hundred years that the Dutch held sway over this vast area of the planet. Spices were the subject of their interests and as we all know, the Spice Trade was very lucrative and dangerous, having wars and skirmishes fought over them for centuries! It was not until the 1920’s that the Dutch sent a scientist to investigate the rumors. Much earlier, some Dutch sailors had reported a fire breathing dragon estimated at almost twenty feet long!

          It sounds like these sailors were spending just a little too much time at the grog tank because although it is the largest lizard (really a Monitor) on earth, the Komodo Dragon rarely exceeds seven feet in length.

          I wish that it were twenty feet and breathing fire! It would have made an already exciting visit to this island especially stimulating because it would have raised the Possibility of Death Index just a tad higher! These critters are already capable of hunting down and killing a human, just ask any of the indigenous people that got attacked and eaten!  Well, I guess you can’t ask them because of obvious reasons, so you’re just going to have to take my word for it. But over the last thirty-five years or so, there have been twenty-four KD attacks and of those, five have been fatal. When visiting, you are not allowed to have any open wounds, i.e., anything that would have the smell of blood, including a menstrual cycle. Although they can outrun a human for short distances we are not too concerned as there are bound to be any number of passengers in the “Mobility Challenged” category, so we think we can outrun them!

                             These guys are not a Hollywood fabrication, they are a serious predator and will feast on anything that lives or is dead. They are so good at grave robbing that the folks on Komodo have stopped burying their loved ones in anything but hard clay-like soil and they now cover the graves with piles of rocks to help thwart the graverobbers.

                             Komodo Dragons possess shark-like teeth, meaning very sharp and serrated, making the tearing of flesh a snap. If you get a chance to glance into a KD’s mouth you may ask, “Where’s the teeth?” Hah! They are hidden under their gums and become engaged at just the right moment as their success rate of foraging can attest to.  If that wasn’t enough, they also possess a venom of sorts that is not injected by fangs, it is contained within its saliva. These guys are the epitome of a monster-like creature as this saliva is quite prodigious and literally drools out of its mouth, no special effects needed! So…. when a KD bites and just wounds, it waits and tracks its prey for a few hours and thunk! It keels over and becomes dinner.

                   They do not make good pets.

                   Let’s move on to topics less gory, and just as deadly, but still germane to this Island.

                   Volcanoes, earthquakes, and tsunamis are all very much entrenched in the locals’ everyday thoughts. Komodo and its 17,000 (!) island neighbors are all a part of the nation of the Republic of Indonesia. This country is the largest “archipelago country” and fourth largest populated country in the world. Plus, it contains some very exotic sounding and well-known places, such as, Java, Bali, Sumatra, and Krakatoa.

                   In December of 2004, on the day after Christmas, was the date…. and Sumatra was the closest site to that horrendous tsunami that came ashore after a 9.2 offshore earthquake. Its effects were felt over thousands of miles, any shoreline that was in a direct line from that epicenter was affected, some had their tsunamis measured at around a hundred feet high. Over 225,000 coastal living people were killed that day.

                   Not to be outdone, the tiny island of Krakatoa also had its day in the annals of geologic history. Over a several-day span in August of 1883, this island’s volcano blew up with a force not ever seen in recorded history. The blast was heard three-thousand miles away as the estimated decibel level of the explosion was over 300db. The pressure wave that it generated circled the globe more than three times. Anyone remember the 1968 film, Krakatoa, East of Java? There were some Hollywood luminaries in it such as, Maximillian Schell, Brian Keith, and Sal Mineo, it garnered one Academy Award for Special Effects but don’t go rushing to Netflix because after that, it was unremarkable. But it did have the eruption of Krakatoa as a main theme and that is our present subject.

                             For all of you teachers out there, or relatives thereof, a wonderful book was written in 1947 by William Pene Du Bois entitled, The Twenty-One Balloons. It received the 1948 Newberry Award and that is all that needs to be said to give it credence! Anyway, it is the story of 20 families that live on the island and mine diamonds.

A lot of diamonds!

 They periodically leave the island with just enough diamonds to get rich without crashing the diamond market. They know that someday the island will blow its top, so they have an invention of sorts, it is ring of 20 balloons that when danger is imminent, they inflate them, and all 20 families soar high into the atmosphere and escape.  When they are safely away the balloons disengage from each other and the families go their separate ways, wherever the winds may take them. I will leave how the 21^st balloon got involved to your reading pleasure!

It’s a great story…. buy it for your grandkids!

                                      The End.

Enough about Krakatoa and the region. But ever since reading that book back in 1966 in Sixth Grade, this area of the world (and Krakatoa!) have been favorites of mine. Unfortunately, I do not think that our course will bring us near enough to see Krakatoa’s offspring, Anak Krakatoa, which first appeared in 1927 and subsequently has had several eruptions and has triggered a deadly tsunami in December of 2018.

                   But…..  tomorrow we are going to a Captain’s Reception for the Platinum and Elite levels of Princess passengers where the Captain and the Senior Officers will be present… So, who knows! 😊

                   On to Singapore!

Apparently, I promised all of you a Lesson (history or otherwise) on Australia. One of your fellow Blog Readers who will go un-named (Barb in Vermont) called me out on it. I guess I was going to work it into the last post from Australia, which would have been Darwin had we gone there.

                                      But….. No Go Darwin, Big Wind, and Waves!

                   So, as promised, a short missive on the wonderful Country, Continent, and Island of Australia.

                   The previous sentence wraps up Australia quite nicely. It is the only country on our planet that is, in fact, all three of the things mentioned there. Those attributes, in part, also help explain how, and why, this unique spot has as many of the exceptional characteristics that make it so special.

                   Ever wonder why Australia has so many species of plants and animals that can only be found there? Before we tackle that one, let’s admit that there are many unique things that can only be found in any number of places around the world. Franklinite, a mineral that has phosphorescent qualities can only be found in our own backyard in the mines of Franklin and Ogdensburg, New Jersey. There are some species of Tree Frogs and Wild Orchids that can only be found in the Pine Barrens section of southern New Jersey. We could go on and on, naming and numbering plenty of endemic species of different critters and such around the world, but Australia kind of takes the cake here with regard to strange and totally unique animals that only live here and live nowhere else, including old, related guys somewhere else down the family tree.

To get to the roots of that tree, and reasons behind them all, we need to re-visit our old friend Mr. Plate Tectonics!

Actually, we’re going to visit his great-great-great grandpappy, back in the very early days of our planet when the seas were still boiling off and volcanoes spewed their volumes of ash and pulverized minerals into the still forming atmosphere.

Way, way, back in the day, say 1,000,000,000 to 600,000,000 years ago, there was a landmass named Rodina. But Rodina was fidgety, had itchy underwear, and couldn’t sit still. So, squirming around, Rodina split apart, and her various parts started drifting, eventually meeting new friends and colliding with them. These collisions gave way to the start of mountain ranges as the pieces pushed against each other. As these newer pieces moved around, a new super continent in the southern hemisphere came to be. Her name was Pannotia.

Pannotia had Restless Leg Syndrome and she couldn’t keep still either. She also suffered from schizophrenia, and she split up into three distinct parts, Laurentia, Baltica, and Siberia. These parts started drifting away and headed up north to start their own play group, eventually forming North America, Europe, and Northern Asia.

At this time, about 500,000,000 years ago, Pannotia became pregnant and some of those basic life-forms, namely with the single-cell itsy-bitsy critters that became the building blocks for later life forms. When Pannotia left to trek north, following her old lost friends, she left behind her twin brother with a really cool sounding name, Gondwana. Gondwana, who was a land baron, owned an incredible amount of property. His holdings included the areas that would eventually turn into South America, Africa, India, Arabia, Antarctica, and the subject of this whole essay, Australia. Little did they know, but the Bad Boy on the Planet, the guy that was pulling (literally) all the strings, was old Grandpappy Plate Tectonics, who after pushing and pulling all of these landmasses into each other, and then tearing them, and the still new (but further evolved) critter families apart, split them up with some parts drifting north to form the new kid on the block.

                              Her name was Pangea, who most of you have probably heard of. Now we’re into a more recent time period, say, 200,000,000 years ago, All those Itsy-Bitsie’s have grown up and become Biggies. Biggies with BIG teeth, like T-Rex and all of his friends and relations. We’re now into every kid’s fantasy land, the Age of the Dinosaurs! Mind you, all this time, Mr. Plate Tectonics, the hardest working guy on our still forming planet, was relentlessly doing his job, slowly and deliberately pulling these squished together landmasses apart. This started about 150,000,000 years ago and it took him about half that time, about 50,000,000 years to separate Pangea into two (still really big) not-quite supercontinents during the Triassic Period. These divisions, replete with the same types of rocks, fossils, and other traces of themselves is the way that present day scientists can re-imagine this giant jigsaw puzzle that once was one big happy (?) place.

Fast-forward another 55,000,000 years and we find ourselves in a rather familiar sounding time, that of the Jurassic Period! Big things were still happening on our planet. Asteroids slammed into us causing massive changes to our atmosphere and Poof!  Barney and most of his friends croaked.  Now we’re at 50,000,000 years ago and all of our present-day continents roughly resemble what they look like today. Antarctica and Australia finally parted ways, and Australia never got close enough to anyone else and remained a loner to this day.

The End.

Well, not really.

There is still evidence of our ever-evolving planet shoving her crust around. The Himalaya, the highest mountain range around is still growing by measurable amounts each year. Mount Everest grows higher by around a 1/16^th  to 1/8^th of an inch a year. This is because the subcontinent of India, who sits on her very own plate is pushing northward onto the Eurasian plate who is a lot bigger and stronger than the India plate, so this collision area has only two places to go, up or down.

It chose the loftier goal here and is growing upwards forming some really high mountains that we get to climb and challenge ourselves with.

So Don, what has all of this to do with Australia?

Actually, plenty!

          Remember how Australia and Antarctica finally split all those years ago and pulled away from Gondwana? Well, that left our heroine all by herself to evolve some really cool species of her own. Mind you, there are some obvious relationships with other animals around the world. They were connected way back in the day, but the Big Separation occurred long enough ago for Australia to take matters into her own hands and mold some really different life-forms, ones that everyone loves, and wants to see!

                             A full 93% (!) of Australia’s fauna (and lots of flora too) is endemic to that continent! The totals are 3000 vertebrae and 18,000 different plant species! This is because when Australia separated from Big Brother Gondwana those millions and millions of years ago, she still had the old (but constantly evolving) lifeforms on her. Left to their own designs, not being influenced, or molded by any others on the planet, they were left to their own devices and decided to become different, unique as it were, and provide us with lots of animals to go and visit on, say, World Cruises 😊, or other enlightening trips “Down Under”!

                             Here is a partial list of those “Specials” that can only be found here in Australia, or on the continent of Australia, or on the island of Australia!

                                      Kangaroos

                                      Dingoes

                                      Wallabies

                                      Wombats

                                      Kaolas

                                      Echidnas

Bandicoots, and a host of other lesser knowns.

                                      And leaving the best for last, the Egg Laying, Duck-Billed, Webbed Footed, Furry, little Mammal, the Platypus!

                   So Barb, that about wraps it up! I hope that you and your fellow readers have gotten something out of this lesson. Our next lesson and post will be on Komodo Island, which we are dropping anchor at as I write this!